A compiler may have difficulty in finding some commonly occurring defects such as null assignment, empty catch block, catching the canonical Exception instead of a specific one, etc. Dr. Eric Allen lists many instances of these defects in his book ‘Java Bug Patterns’.
PMD can detect such defects in a given set of Java source file once they are described as ‘patterns’. PMD rules can be written in java.
FindBugs & JLint can detect common defects by reviewing the class files. JLint can detect inconsistencies and synchronization problems.
CPD – a variant of the PMD is used for detecting instances of code that has been copy-pasted. Duplication of code indicates non-existence of single point of control. A bug can propagate to other parts of the code if the base code contains bug in it. CPD thus can denote code that needs to be refactored.
http://pmd.sourceforge.net/
http://findbugs.sourceforge.net/
http://jlint.sourceforge.net/
These tools are very interesting and simple to use.
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